## Summary Axios versions containing `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js` do not treat `0.0.0.0` as a local address when evaluating `NO_PROXY` rules. In Node.js applications that use `HTTP_PROXY` or `HTTPS_PROXY` together with `NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1` or similar, a request to `http://0.0.0.0:<port>/` can be routed through the configured proxy instead of bypassing it. The issue is exploitable when an attacker can influence the axios request URL or a followed redirect target, and when the proxy can reach or relay `0.0.0.0` to local services. This is a Node.js runtime proxy-routing issue, not a browser, install-time, or development-tooling issue. ## Impact Applications are affected when all of the following are true: - The application runs axios in Node.js with the HTTP adapter. - The process uses environment proxy variables such as `HTTP_PROXY` or `HTTPS_PROXY`. - The process uses `NO_PROXY` entries such as `localhost`, `127.0.0.1`, or `::1` to keep local traffic out of the proxy path. - Attacker-controlled input can influence the request URL or redirect target. - The configured proxy does not reject `0.0.0.0` and can reach the local destination. For plain HTTP targets, the proxy can receive the full request URL, headers, and body, and may be able to observe the local service response. HTTPS targets are less exposed because axios uses CONNECT tunneling in current versions. ## Affected Functionality Affected functionality is limited to environment-derived proxy selection in the Node HTTP adapter: - `lib/adapters/http.js` calls `getProxyForUrl(location)` and then `shouldBypassProxy(location)` before applying the proxy. - `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js` normalizes and compares `NO_PROXY` entries. - Explicit caller-provided `config.proxy` remains trusted caller configuration. - Browser, React Native, XHR, and fetch adapter behavior are not affected. ## Technical Details `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js` defines local loopback equivalence through `isLoopback()`. The current implementation recognizes `localhost`, IPv4 `127.0.0.0/8`, IPv6 `::1`, and IPv4-mapped loopback forms, but it does not include `0.0.0.0`. At `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js:176`, axios treats two hosts as matching when both are considered loopback: ```js return hostname === entryHost || (isLoopback(hostname) && isLoopback(entryHost)); ``` Because `isLoopback('0.0.0.0')` returns `false`, `NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1` does not match `http://0.0.0.0:<port>/`. `lib/adapters/http.js:185-193` then applies the environment proxy. ## Proof of Concept of Attack ```js import http from 'http'; import axios from './index.js'; const listen = (handler, host = '127.0.0.1') => new Promise((resolve) => { const server = http.createServer(handler); server.listen(0, host, () => resolve(server)); }); const close = (server) => new Promise((resolve) => server.close(resolve)); const origin = await listen((req, res) => res.end('origin'), '0.0.0.0'); let proxyRequests = 0; const proxy = await listen((req, res) => { proxyRequests += 1; res.end('proxied'); }); process.env.http_proxy = `http://127.0.0.1:${proxy.address().port}`; process.env.HTTP_PROXY = process.env.http_proxy; process.env.no_proxy = 'localhost,127.0.0.1,::1'; process.env.NO_PROXY = process.env.no_proxy; try { const direct = await axios.get(`http://127.0.0.1:${origin.address().port}/`); const zero = await axios.get(`http://0.0.0.0:${origin.address().port}/`); console.log({ direct: direct.data, zero: zero.data, proxyRequests }); } finally { await close(origin); await close(proxy); } ``` Expected safe behavior: both `127.0.0.1` and `0.0.0.0` bypass the proxy when the `NO_PROXY` policy is intended to cover local destinations. Observed behavior: `127.0.0.1` bypasses the proxy, while `0.0.0.0` is sent through the proxy. ## Workarounds - Add `0.0.0.0` explicitly to `NO_PROXY` where local addresses must bypass proxies. - Reject or normalize `0.0.0.0` in application URL validation before calling axios. - Set `proxy: false` on axios requests that must never use environment proxies. - Configure the proxy itself to reject `0.0.0.0`, loopback, link-local, and internal address ranges. <details> <summary>Original Report</summary> ### Summary `axios` versions 1.15.0–1.16.1 contain an incomplete loopback-address check in `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js`. The `isLoopback()` function correctly identifies `127.0.0.0/8` and `::1` as loopback addresses but does not recognise `0.0.0.0` — the IPv4 unspecified address, which routes to the local machine on Linux and macOS. An attacker who controls a URL passed to axios can use `http://0.0.0.0/<path>` to bypass proxy-based SSRF filtering that the application relies upon. ### Details ## Affected versions `>= 1.15.0, <= 1.16.1` The vulnerability was introduced in v1.15.0 when the `shouldBypassProxy` helper was added as a security improvement (PR #10661). --- ## Root cause **File:** `lib/helpers/shouldBypassProxy.js` ```javascript // Line 1 — static allowlist (incomplete) const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost']); // ← 0.0.0.0 missing const isIPv4Loopback = (host) => { const parts = host.split('.'); if (parts.length !== 4) return false; if (parts[0] !== '127') return false; // ← 0.0.0.0: parts[0] = '0' → false return parts.every((p) => /^\d+$/.test(p) && Number(p) >= 0 && Number(p) <= 255); }; const isLoopback = (host) => { if (!host) return false; if (LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES.has(host)) return true; // ← '0.0.0.0' not in set if (isIPv4Loopback(host)) return true; // ← returns false for 0.0.0.0 return isIPv6Loopback(host); }; isLoopback('0.0.0.0') returns false. Node's WHATWG URL parser does not normalise 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.1. Other bypass forms are safe: new URL('http://0177.0.0.1/').hostname → '127.0.0.1' (octal), new URL('http://2130706433/').hostname → '127.0.0.1' (decimal), new URL('http://0x7f000001/').hostname → '127.0.0.1' (hex). Only 0.0.0.0 escapes normalisation. ### PoC 'use strict'; // Verbatim copy of relevant logic from axios v1.16.1 shouldBypassProxy.js const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost']); const isIPv4Loopback = (host) => { const parts = host.split('.'); if (parts.length !== 4) return false; if (parts[0] !== '127') return false; return parts.every((p) => /^\d+$/.test(p) && Number(p) >= 0 && Number(p) <= 255); }; const isLoopback = (host) => { if (!host) return false; if (LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES.has(host)) return true; return isIPv4Loopback(host); }; // 1. Show URL parser does NOT normalise 0.0.0.0 console.log(new URL('http://0.0.0.0/').hostname); // → '0.0.0.0' ← NOT normalised console.log(new URL('http://0177.0.0.1/').hostname); // → '127.0.0.1' ← normalised (safe) console.log(new URL('http://2130706433/').hostname); // → '127.0.0.1' ← normalised (safe) // 2. Show isLoopback fails for 0.0.0.0 console.log(isLoopback('0.0.0.0')); // → false ← BUG: should be true console.log(isLoopback('127.0.0.1')); // → true ← correct Verified output on Node.js v22 / axios v1.16.1: 0.0.0.0 ← NOT normalised by URL parser 127.0.0.1 ← octal normalised correctly 127.0.0.1 ← decimal normalised correctly false ← 0.0.0.0 not detected as loopback ⚠ true ← 127.0.0.1 correctly detected ### Impact Applications that: Accept user-supplied URLs and pass them to axios Use a proxy with NO_PROXY=localhost (or similar) for SSRF filtering …can be bypassed by supplying http://0.0.0.0/<path>. Axios routes the request through the proxy (shouldBypassProxy returns false). If the proxy itself does not filter 0.0.0.0, the connection reaches the local machine — exposing internal services such as cloud IMDS endpoints, internal admin panels, or microservice APIs. Fix Minimal (one line): - const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost']); + const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost', '0.0.0.0']); Comprehensive: const isIPv4Unspecified = (host) => host === '0.0.0.0'; const isLoopback = (host) => { if (!host) return false; if (LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES.has(host)) return true; if (isIPv4Loopback(host)) return true; if (isIPv4Unspecified(host)) return true; // add this line return isIPv6Loopback(host); }; </details>
PoC: CVE-2026-38192
pluck-CMS-4.7.20-code-injection-vulnerability
PoC: cve-2024-55591-poc
Educational implementation in Go for CVE-2024-55591 (Fortinet FortiOS Authentication Bypass). Designed for security research, vulnerability assessment, and understanding WebSocket-based auth bypass mechanisms.
PoC: cve-2026-82329-jfrog-artifactory
CVE-2026-82329 JFrog Artifactory unauthenticated auth-bypass: reproducible Docker lab + URL-parameter validator PoC + patch-diff analysis
PoC: CVE-2026-82592
D-Link DIR-825M formDiskFormat stack overflow + command injection RCE PoC (CVE-2026-82592); for authorized security testing
PoC: My-Exploits
Metasploit modules, Python PoCs and throwaway Docker labs for four platform CVEs: Keycloak (CVE-2026-18963), Apache NiFi (CVE-2026-39816), HashiCorp Vault (CVE-2026-5006), HashiCorp Nomad (CVE-2026-7474).
PoC: CVE-2025-66478-PoC-Reverse-Shell
CVE-2025-66478 PoC
PoC: cve-writeups-and-pocs
CVE-2026-80724 PoC + full write-up — Linux kernel ptp/vmclock read-only mapping becomes writable (VM_MAYWRITE). Discovered, reported & fixed by Abdifatah Suruur (suruurism)
PoC: CVE-2026-79483-FastGPT-NoSQL-Injection
FastGPT Community Edition NoSQL Injection PoC (CVE-2026-79483)
PoC: givewp-cve-2026-82222-rce-lab
Authorized Docker lab and clean PoC for validating CVE-2026-82222 RCE in GiveWP 4.16.5.1 and the 4.16.7.2 fix.
PoC: CVE-2026-19745
Learn how I found my first two CVEs by pure accident.
PoC: cve-2026-23989-opencloud-lab
Reproduction lab (A/B Docker) for CVE-2026-23989 — OpenCloud / ownCloud Infinite Scale public-link scope-validation bypass in Reva
PoC: CVE-2026-21962-Blog
CVE-2026-21962 Açığı için blog sayfası oluşturdum.
PoC: PoC-and-yara-rules-of-CVE-2025-59528-Flowise-has-Remote-Code-Execution-vulnerability
poc and yara rules
PoC: root-s24-e1s
Galaxy S24 SM-S921B S921BXXSDCZB2 RAM-only KernelSU Next (CVE-2026-43499) + Root S24 app
PoC: CVE-2024-49138-SOC-Investigation
SOC investigation of CVE-2024-49138 exploitation involving brute-force activity, PowerShell execution, malicious payload analysis, privilege escalation, and incident response.
PoC: gha-lab-ee08e207a8
Authorized security-research lab reproducing CVE-2024-4253 (GHSA-r897-wrpm-h4vw): workflow_run command injection in gradio-app/gradio's test-functional.yml
PoC: CVE-2026-24061-Telnetd
CVE-2026-24061 GNU Inetutils Telnetd Authentication Bypass
PoC: Fortigate-SSL-VPN-Exploit-Kit
The FortiGate SSL-VPN pot of gold. CVE-2024-21762 and CVE-2023-27997. 79 working exploit clients. 53 hardware SKUs. 55 FortiOS builds.
PoC: CVE-2026-33017
CVE-2025-62593 — Ray Unauthenticated RCE Exploit is an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the Ray distributed AI compute engine.
PoC: CVE-2026-13753-poc
Poc of CVE-2026-13753
PoC: CVE-2026-82221
PoC for Unauthenticated Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in RegistrationMagic WordPress Plugin
PoC: ActiveMQ-CVE-2023-46604
Exploit POC for Apache ActiveMQ CVE-2023-46604
PoC: gha-lab-0ba60e6456
Authorized security-research lab reproducing CVE-2024-39700 / GHSA-45gq-v5wm-82wg (JupyterLab extension-template update-integration-tests pwn request)
PoC: CVE-2026-36130
CVE-2026-36130
PoC: CVE-2026-31321
CVE-2026-31321
PoC: postgresql-cve-2026-14662
PostgreSQL の全文検索(tsvector/tsquery)に見つかった範囲外書き込み脆弱性 CVE-2026-14662 を、修正前(18.4)と修正後(18.6)を Docker で並べて動かして検証した記録と発表資料
PoC: CVE-2026-27472-and-CVE-2026-27474
PoC for CVE-2026-27472 and CVE-2026-27474
PoC: CVE-2026-27475
PoC for CVE-2026-27475
PoC: CVE-2026-18963
Unauthenticated account takeover via reset-credentials flow bypass
PoC: CVE-2026-0768
CVE-2026-0768 - Draft or TODO
PoC: CVE-2026-82329
CVE-2026-82329 - Draft or TODO
PoC: tomcat-line-check
CVE-2026-24880: does Apache's upgrade advice actually apply to your Tomcat? Detects the fix by class presence, not version comparison. Covers 7.0/8.0/8.5/9.0/10.0/10.1/11.0 lines.
PoC: log4j2-vuln-lab
CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell) 漏洞复现靶场 | SpringBoot + Log4j2 2.14.1 | 3 个攻击向量 PoC 验证
PoC: CVE-2021-3493-Exploit
It's a CVE-2021-3493 Exploit written in C
PoC: gha-lab-8e9316151c
Controlled security-research lab reproducing CVE-2024-1540 (GitHub Actions command injection in gradio-app/gradio deploy+test-visual.yml) — flattened snapshot of gradio-app/gradio @ f35f615e33a5dd90bfeb106b6f5dca689849fcef
PoC: gha-lab-6255f5fc33
Security-research lab reproducing CVE-2023-6572 (GHSA-gqvf-3hgp-5hxv): command injection in gradio-app/gradio's workflow_run handling of generate-changeset.yml
PoC: nextcloud-cve-2023-49792-research
A project analysis of CVE-2023-49792, inspired by a HackerOne report I have recently come across.
PoC: CVE-2026-30252
The ZenShare Suite application is vulnerable by a Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability, affecting web application login and recovery password functionalities.
PoC: CVE-2026-30251
A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the login_newpwd.php endpoint of Interzen Consulting S.r.l ZenShare Suite v17.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary Javascript in the context of the user's browser via a crafted URL injected into the codice_azienda parameter.
PoC: gha-lab-fb32aba4a3
Authorized lab reproduction of CVE-2023-26493 (GHSL-2023-027): command injection via github.head_ref in cocos-engine's <Web> Interface check pull_request_target workflow
PoC: CVE-2018-14667_Lab_POC
Demonstration of the expression language (EL) injection vulnerability CVE-2018-14667 using the photoalbum lab under Jboss application server
PoC: weakrng-sweep
Weak-RNG stream-sweep research (CVE-2026-71851 class): PRNG schemes x seeds -> BIP39 -> victim set membership
PoC: cve-2022-29117-assessment
CVE-2022-29117 (.NET Cookie-Handling DoS) Assessment, Understanding & Questions Framework
PoC: POC-CVE-2026-0073
Security research PoC for CVE-2026-0073: ADB authentication bypass verification
PoC: gha-lab-232af4821f
Security-research lab reproducing CVE-2021-4281 (GHSA-3796-3f93-cfvx): shell command injection via PR head-branch name in .github/workflows/combine-prs.yml (snapshot of BraveUX/for-the-badge @ 409c1fda). Do not use; authorized reproduction only.
PoC: CVE-2026-82222
GiveWP <= 4.16.7.1 Unauthenticated PHP Object Injection → RCE
PoC: CVE-2026-76569
Reflected XSS via search GET Parameter in Phoca Download
PoC: activemq-cve-lab
ActiveMQ CVE-2015-5254 模拟靶场 - 用于 CVE 测试评测和 SCA 扫描演示
PoC: ghostlock-x200-app
vivo X200 设备端一键 root App（Shizuku 授权 shell 域执行，CVE-2026-43499）
PoC: gha-lab-b9842b12c0
Authorized security-research lab reproducing CVE-2021-21423 (GHSA-gg2g-m5wc-vccq): projen rebuild-bot pwn request via issue_comment
PoC: gha-lab-e4a85583c3
Security-research lab reproducing CVE-2020-36762 (GHSA-h9gr-83jq-f3xc): bash command injection via github.event.comment.body in the comment workflow of ONSdigital/ras-collection-instrument
PoC: Root-My-Galaxy
KSU installer for supported Samsung Galaxy firmware with CVE-2026-43499
PoC: CVE-2026-78905-Facebook-Account-Takeover
Social Media Infrastructure Vulnerability Research. CVE-2026-78905: OAuth token reuse and session hijacking in Facebook's Graph API.
PoC: CVE-2026-78904-Digital-Dinar-Drain
CBDC Infrastructure Vulnerability Research. CVE-2026-78904: Infinite mint and redemption bypass in central bank digital currency APIs.
PoC: CVE-2026-78903-SWIFT-Kick-to-the-Creds
Offensive Research & Exploit Development. Vulnerability research, PoC development, and offensive tooling for financial infrastructure.
PoC: CVE-2026-60004-Gitea-RCE-PoC
🫖 Direct single-target Gitea CVE-2026-60004 RCE validation PoC
PoC: CVE-2026-60004-Gitea-Validator
🫖 Contract-correlated discovery and authorized validation tool for Gitea CVE-2026-60004
PoC: cve-2026-67363-67364
Balboa form Command Injection POC
PoC: Simulation-d-attaque-BlueBorne-sur-v-hicule-connect-
Simulation complète d'une attaque Bluetooth (CVE-2017-1000251) sur un véhicule autonome via CARLA Simulator ; exploitation de la vulnérabilité BlueBorne pour accéder au bus CAN et déclencher un freinage brutal, en environnement isolé (Kali Linux VM / VMware / Python).
PoC: CVE-2026-76581-Detector
Safe passive detector for identifying WPMU DEV Dashboard versions affected by CVE-2026-76581.
PoC: htb-machine-ringdown
Detailed design & exploitation writeup for Ringdown—an original Debian/Asterisk vulnerable machine featuring CVE-2024-42365 (AMI), PJSIP pre-hash cracking, and Fail2ban POSIX ACL privilege escalation.
PoC: gha-lab-83342297e0
Authorized security-research lab reproducing CVE-2024-41127 (GHSA-wcjf-5464-4wq9): poisoned pipeline execution via artifact-controlled code injection in ci-failure-comment.yml. Snapshot of monkeytypegame/monkeytype @ deeea0f.
PoC: WP2Shell-Scanner
Read-only CLI to check whether a WordPress site is exposed to WP2Shell (CVE-2026-63030 / CVE-2026-60137)
PoC: phpBB-CVE-2026-48611
Automated PoC for CVE-2026-48611 — phpBB OAuth login_link authentication bypass
PoC: Project-CVE-2026-45833
CVE-2026-45833 ChromaDB
PoC: CitrixBleedCVE-2026-8452-2025-5777
CitrixBleed Exploit Tool - CVE-2025-5777 & CVE-2026-8452. Unauthenticated remote memory read from Citrix NetScaler ADC & Gateway. Steal admin session tokens, extract nsroot hashes, dump secrets, and bypass MFA. Python 3 exploit with full memory parsing.
PoC: CVE-2026-76581
CVE-2026-76581
PoC: drupalgeddon2-cve-lab
Drupalgeddon2 CVE-2018-7600 vulnerable Drupal 7 lab
PoC: shellshock-cve-lab
Shellshock CVE-2014-6271 vulnerable CGI lab
PoC: log4shell-cve-lab
Log4Shell CVE-2021-44228 vulnerable lab
PoC: CVE-2026-18741
PoC CVE-2026-18741
PoC: CVE-2026-12513
CVE-2026-12513 Vulnerability Advisory & PoC — Discovered by Huynh Kien Minh (MinhHK).
PoC: ghostlock-oppo-watch3pro
CVE-2026-43499 on OPPO Watch 3 Pro
PoC: cve-2026-82222-poc
Public PoC for CVE-2026-82222
PoC: zk-xml-probe
Static XML fixtures for authorized bug bounty testing of XML parser behaviour (CVE-2026-45071).
PoC: SOC335-CVE-2024-49138-Investigation
SOC investigation of a CVE-2024-49138 exploitation alert using log analysis, threat intelligence, and endpoint containment.
PoC: papercut-toolkit
#PaperCut CVE-2026-81578 + CVE-2026-82078 Defense Toolkit 2 3 A **defensive** toolkit to check and understand exposure to the chained
PoC: PaperCut-CVE-2026-81578-82078
Security research tool for PaperCut CVE-2026-81578 & CVE-2026-82078
PoC: vankyo-s30-bootloader-unlock
Vankyo MatrixPad S30 (Unisoc SC9863A) — Bootloader unlock via CVE-2022-38694 FDL1 method
PoC: CVE-2026-21962-Blog
CVE-2026-21962 Açığı için blog sayfası oluşturdum.
PoC: hdwebmobile-formula-pricing
WooCommerce plugin: safe formula-based product pricing, closing CVE-2026-4001's eval()-based RCE
PoC: CVE-2026-82286-gpt-crawler-Arbitrary-File-Write
CVE-2026-82286 — gpt-crawler <=1.5.1 unauthenticated arbitrary file write via outputFileName (POST /crawl). PoC + self-contained Docker lab. CVSS 8.6, CWE-22.
PoC: CVE-2026-24061-payload
A PoC exploit for CVE-2026-24061 - GNU InetUtils telnetd Argument Injection Authentication Bypass
PoC: rmgp-complete-handoff
Complete RMGP (CVE-2026-43499) workspace + experiment-state handoff for SM-A376B/A376BXXU1AZB7
PoC: CVE-2026-66384
CVE-2026-66384 - Draft or TODO
PoC: CVE-2026-33017-PoC-Reverse-Shell
CVE-2026-33017 PoC Reverse Shell
PoC: CVE-2026-33057---Mesop-Unauthenticated-RCE-PoC-and-yara-rules
CVE-2026-33057 - Mesop Unauthenticated RCE PoC and yara rules
PoC: CVE-2026-10036-speechbrain-rce
SpeechBrain < 1.1.1 checkpoint metadata RCE via unsafe PyYAML parsing of CKPT.yaml.
PoC: CVE-2025-55182-poc
I know you are probably here from Hack the Box, if so, yes this one actually works.
PoC: Project-CVE-2026-50751
IKEv1 VPN scanners, attempts a Check Point authentication-bypass exploit, and includes internal network scanning and reverse-shell features.
PoC: CTT-Enhanced-CVE-2026-46339-Exploit-Engine
A specialized Python framework that executes unauthenticated remote code execution via the 9Router Model Context Protocol (MCP) bridge by deploying a 33-layer temporal phase cascade, Riemann-Hadamard dispersion, and an 11 ns wedge filter to bypass traditional proxy and process-monitoring defenses.
PoC: Zimbra-CVE-2026-73570-Rules
Wazuh Rules for Detection Zimbra (CVE-2026-73570).
PoC: CVE-2022-46169
Cacti 1.2.22 unauthenticated command injection
PoC: CVE-2024-23897
Jenkins CVE-2024-23897 — CSRF-crumb aware PoC
PoC: CVE-2025-10952-ml-logger-AFR
PoC for CVE-2025-10952 — ml-logger unauthenticated arbitrary file read. CVSS 5.3
PoC: CVE-2026-65643
CVE-2026-65643 - Draft or TODO
PoC: cve-2023-23397-detection-lab
Detection and mitigation research lab for CVE-2023-23397 using network and endpoint security telemetry.
PoC: fastjson-cve
fastjson-cve-2026-16723
PoC: CVE-2026-23751-poc
Patched RemotingClient to exploit CVE-2026-23751 (Tungsten Automation - Kofax Capture Unauthenticated File Read/Write and SMB coercion via .NET HTTP Remoting)
PoC: CVE-2023-27350-CVE-2023-27351
CVE-2023-27350, CVE-2023-27351 - PaperCut - Draft or TODO
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